Utjecaj pušenja cigareta na oralno zdravlje

master's thesis

• Title (english): The effect of smoking on dental health
• Author: Tamara Petravić
• Mentor: Ivana Šutej (mentor)
• Committee member: Ivana Šutej (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Kristina Peroš (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marko Granić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Dental Medicine; (Chair of Pharmacology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-09-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Dental Medicine

Abstract

Usna šupljina, kao prva na udaru duhanskog dima, nije pošteđena njegovih
posljedica. Posljedice se vide kako na tvrdim, tako i na mekim zubnim tkivima. Te se
posljedice očituju od onih koje su samo estetske, do onih po život ugrožavajućih
bolesti. Katran uzrokuje žuto do smeđe obojenje zuba, gingive i protetskih radova.
Stupanj obojenja proporcionalan je broju popušenih cigareta. Pušači imaju smanjen
osjet okusa i mirisa te pojačan fetor ex ore. Upala i krvarenje kod pušača manje su
izraženi u usporedbi s nepušačima zbog suprimiranog lokalnog imunološkog
odgovora, ali i sistemskog djelovanja na lučenje adrenalina i noradrenalina. Pojavnost
parodontitisa je veća kod pušača uslijed poremećenog imunološkog odgovora,
smanjenog broja limfocita te poremećene funkcije neutrofila i poremećene
proizvodnje protupalnih citokina i imunoglobulina te su rezultati terapije parodontitisa
slabiji. Također, pušači imaju lošiju prognozu za uspjeh implantološke terapije. Sve
veći postotci neuspjeha implantološke terapije posljedica su pogrešno predviđene
kontraindikacije, u koju spada pušenje. Karcinom usne šupljine, kao najteža promjena
koju pušenje izaziva na oralnoj sluznici, jedan je od 10 vodećih uzroka smrti u
populaciji. Više od 80 % oboljelih od karcinoma usne šupljine su pušači. Ukoliko su
pušači i konzumenti alkohola, tada je rizik za karcinom 100 % veći u odnosu na
nepušače. Iako bolest započinje kao eritroplakija, rijetko kada se otkrije u tom stadiju
te se većinom otkrije tek u uznapredovalom stadiju, kada su mogućnosti liječenja i
prognoza bolesti nepovoljne.

Abstract (english)

Oral cavity, being the first to feel the effects of cigarette smoke, is not spared
of its consequences which can be seen on hard, as well as on soft teeth structures. The
effects are manifested as those that are only aesthetic and those that can become life
threatening diseases. Tar causes yellow to brown discoloration of teeth, gingiva and
prosthetics. The level of discoloration correlates with the number of cigarettes smoked.
Smokers have a reduced sense of taste and smell, and enhanced fetor ex ore.
Inflammation and haemorrhage in smokers are less pronounced as compared to
nonsmokers because of suppressed local immune response, as well as systemic activity
of the secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline. The incidence of periodontal disease
is higher in smokers due to the impaired immune response, reduced number of
lymphocytes and neutrophils dysfunction and impaired production of proinflammatory
cytokines and immunoglobulins, causing the results of periodontitis treatment weaker.
Likewise, smokers have a worse prognosis for a successful implant therapy. The
increasing percentages of failure in implant therapies are the result of incorrectly
predicted contraindications, which includes smoking. Carcinoma of the oral cavity,
being the most dangerous change that smoking causes on the oral mucosa, is one of
the 10 leading causes of death in the population. More than 80 % of people with oral
cavity cancer are smokers. If the smokers are alchocol consumers too, then the risk of
cancer is 100 % higher compared to non-smokers. Although the disease begins as
erythroplakia, it is rarely detected at this stage and is mainly detected at an advanced
stage when treatment options and prognosis of the disease is unfavourable.

• Keywords: oralno zdravlje; pušenje
• Keywords (english): oral health; smoking
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:127:128396
• Study programme: Title: dental medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica dentalne medicine (doktor/doktorica dentalne medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2016-11-21 11:05:25