The dentist must be aware of the possible complications of each procedure, and take the correct history and detailed clinical examination in order to set the right indication for treatment and thus reduce the likelihood of complications. One of the complications due to orthodontic therapy may be gingival recession. It is a movement of the gingival tissue towards the apical thus leaving exposed the tooth root which is not as resistant to external influences as tooth enamel. Recessions can be of varying degrees, and the consequences are dentinal hypersensitivity, tooth root caries, wedge-shaped defects, and an obvious aesthetic problem. In order to prevent the occurrence of all the consequences, it is essential to have a proper knowledge of anatomy. The periodontium consists of the gingiva, periodontal ligament, root cementum, and alveolar bone. Each part has its own structure and its own role, and the common role is to anchor and support the teeth. Orthodontic therapy itself is based on the principle of prolonged pressure on the tooth and is performed with light continuous forces. Several factors are associated with the occurrence of recessions after orthodontic therapy including gingival biotype that can be thin and thick, alveolar bone characteristics, forces used in orthodontic therapy, and of course oral hygiene. If gingival recessions occur, there are several surgical procedures that cover the recessions.