Lokalni anestetici u dentalnoj medicini

master's thesis

• Title (english): LOCAL ANAESTHETICS IN DENTAL MEDICINE
• Author: Goran Androšević
• Mentor: Jasminka Peršec (mentor)
• Committee member: Josip Biočić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasminka Peršec (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Berislav Perić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Dental Medicine; (Department of Oral Surgery); (Chair of Anaesthesiology and Reanimatology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-27, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Dental Medicine

Abstract

Lokalni anestetici su sredstva koja na određeni vremenski period prekidaju provođenje podražaja u perifernim osjetnim živcima na mjestu primjene. Na taj način uzrokuju bezbolnost određenog područja. Lokalne anestetike dijelimo, ovisno o vrsti kemijske veze u njihovoj strukturi, na esterske i amidne. Vrijeme djelovanja ovisi o svojstvima anestetika, a možemo ih podijeliti na anestetike kratkog, srednje dugog i dugog djelovanja. Razgradni proizvodi izlučuju se mokraćom, a mali dio anestetika izlazi u nepromijenjenom obliku. Najčešće primjenjivani lokalni anestetici u dentalnoj medicini su artikain, lidokain, levobupivakain, mepivakain i prilokain. Lokalni anestetici mogu uzrokovati lokalne i sistemne komplikacije koje je važno pravovremeno prepoznati, te ublažiti ili ukloniti pravovremenom reakcijom. Apsolutne kontraindikacije za primjenu lokalnog anestetika su alergija na anestetik koji se kani primijeniti i upala na mjestu na kojem treba primijeniti anestetik. Moguće su interakcije lokalnih anestetika s lijekovima, a budući da je u današnje vrijeme sve više kroničnih bolesnika koji su stalno pod terapijom nekim lijekom, vrlo je važno da stomatolog u svom radu računa s mogućim interakcijama. Pravilno uzeta anamneza važan je preduvjet za sigurnu primjenu anestetika. Rizične skupine ljudi kod kojih treba biti oprezan pri primjeni lokalnih anestetika su žene u trudnoći i tijekom laktacije, djeca, ljudi starije životne dobi i bolesnici koji boluju od sistemnih bolesti.

Abstract (english)

Local anaesthetics are agents that interrupt the conduct of stimuli in the peripheral sensory nerves for a fixed period of time at the site of administration. In this way, they make a particular area pain-free. Depending on the type of chemical bond in their structure, local anaesthetics are divided into ester- and amide-types. The duration of action depends on the properties of the anaesthetics, and we can divide them into short-, medium- and long-acting anaesthetics. Degradation products are excreted in the urine and a small amount of anaesthetics is released unchanged. The most commonly used topical anaesthetics in dental medicine are articaine, lidocaine, levobupivacaine, mepivacaine and prilocaine. Local anaesthetics can cause local and systemic complications that need to be recognized in a timely manner and be alleviated or eliminated in a timely manner. The absolute contraindications for topical anaesthetics are an allergy to the anaesthetic that is supposed to be administered, and inflammation at the site where the anaesthetic is to be administered. Interactions of local anaesthetics with drugs are possible, and considering that there are more and more chronic patients nowadays who are constantly treated with various kind of drugs, it is very important for the dentist to account for possible interactions while performing his or her job. Properly checked anamnesis is an important prerequisite for the safe administration of anaesthetics. High-risk groups of people with whom it is necessary to be cautious when using topical anaesthetics are pregnant and lactating women, children, elderly people and patients with systemic diseases.

• Keywords: lokalni anestetici; apsolutne kontraindikacije; interakcije
• Keywords (english): local anaesthetics; absolute contraindications; interactions
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:127:139879
• Study programme: Title: dental medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica dentalne medicine (doktor/doktorica dentalne medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-11-26 12:25:39