Usklađivanje protokola izbjeljivanja zubi u Republici Hrvatskoj prema uputama Europske direktive 2011/84/EU

master's thesis

• Title (english): Implementation of teeth whitening protocols in the Republic of Croatia according to the instructions of European Directive 2011/84/EU
• Author: Barbara Žigić
• Mentor: Dubravka Knezović-Zlatarić (mentor)
• Committee member: Dubravka Knezović-Zlatarić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Žagar (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Bernard Janković (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Dental Medicine; (Department of Removable Prosthodontics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017-07-07, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Dental Medicine; Prosthetic Dentistry

Abstract

Razlikujemo vanjska i unutarnja obojenja zubi. Materijali koje koristimo za njihovo izbjeljivanje su vodikov i karbamidov peroksid koji procesom oksidacije oslobađaju aktivni kisik. Postoji nekoliko tehnika izbjeljivanja zubi – izbjeljivanje vitalnih zubi u ordinaciji i kod kuće te izbjeljivanje avitalnih zubi – koje se mogu kombinirati kako bismo dobili optimalan rezultat. Komplikacije se mogu javiti na zubima i sluznici usne šupljine. Na sluznici možemo vidjeti kemijske opekotine i ulceracije dok zubi mogu postati osjetljivi ili može doći do nekroze zubne pulpe vitalnih zubi. Najozbiljnija komplikacija je resorpcija korijena koja dovodi do gubitka zuba. Ovisno o tome koje su indikacije i tehnike izbjeljivanja zubi, koriste se različite koncentracije karbamidovog, odnosno vodikovog peroksida koje se tako dijele u dvije skupine – kozmetički i medicinski proizvodi. Prema Direktivi Europske unije (2011/84/EU), kozmetičkim se proizvodima smatraju oni koji sadrže od 0,1 do 6 % oslobođenog vodikovog peroksida i smiju ih koristiti jedino stomatolozi, odnosno pacijenti pod njihovim nadzorom u svrhu uljepšavanja. Također, određena je i donja dobna granica za izbjeljivanje zubi i ona iznosi 18 godina. Nadalje, tom se Direktivom također definirala i koncentracija vodikovog peroksida koja se može kupiti u slobodnoj prodaji (paste za zube, tekućine za ispiranje usta i sl.) i ona iznosi do 0,1 %. Međutim, ovaj se propis ne bavi pitanjem proizvoda koji sadrže više od 6 % vodikovog peroksida. Oni su svrstani u skupinu medicinskih proizvoda i za njih vrijedi propis 93/42/EEZ iz 1993. godine koji tako definira njihovo korištenje u dijagnostičke i preventivne postupke te praćenje i liječenje bolesti.

Abstract (english)

There are two types of tooth discoloration – internal and external. Materials we use to bleach them are hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide that release active oxygen through the oxidation process. There are several teeth bleaching techniques – bleaching vital teeth in office and at home, and bleaching non vital teeth – that can be combined to get the best result. Complications in mouth can occur on the teeth structure and mucous membrane. We can see chemical burn and ulcers of the mucous membrane while teeth may become hypersensitive or there can be pulp necrosis of vital teeth. The most serious complication is root resorption that leads to tooth loss. Depending on the indications and teeth whitening techniques, various concentration of carbamide or hydrogen peroxide are used, divided into two groups – cosmetic and medical products. According to the EU Directive (2011/84/EU), cosmetic products are considered to contain 0,1 to 6 % hydrogen peroxide present or released from other compounds and may only be used by dentist or by patients under their direct supervision in order to embellish teeth. The lower age limit for teeth whitening is also specified and it is 18 years old. Furthermore, this Directive also defines concentration of hydrogen peroxide that can be purchased for sale (toothpaste, mouthwash, etc.) and it is up to 0,1 %. However, this regulation does not deal with products containing more than 6 % hydrogen peroxide. They are classified into a group of medical products and are governed by 93/42/EEC Directive, which defines their use in diagnostic and preventive procedures, monitoring and treatment diseases.

• Keywords: izbjeljivanje zubi; kozmetički proizvodi; medicinski proizvodi; Direktiva Europske unije
• Keywords (english): teeth whitening; cosmetic products; medical products; Directive of the European Union
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:127:777508
• Study programme: Title: dental medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica dentalne medicine (doktor/doktorica dentalne medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-08-30 10:29:43