Stomatološke komplikacije dijabetičkog pacijenta

master's thesis

• Title (english): STOMATOLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS OF A DIABETES PATIENT
• Author: Ines Savić
• Mentor: Ivan Alajbeg (mentor)
• Committee member: Ivan Alajbeg (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vlaho Brailo (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Darko Božić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Dental Medicine; (Department of Oral Medicine); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015-09-29, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Dental Medicine; Oral Medicine

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus najčešća je bolest sustava žlijezda s unutarnjim izlučivanjem. Osnovni oblici bolesti su tip 1 (juvenilni), uzrokovan deficijencijom inzulina, te tip 2 (adultni) kojeg karakterizira rezistencija na inzulin.
Skupina sekundarnih dijabetesa uključuje niz stanja koja indirektno uzrokuju simptome dijabetesa.
Hormonskom neravnotežom nastaju metabolički poremećaji koji dovode do akutnih komplikacija. Neizbježne su patološke promjene na svim krvnim žilama, živcima s poremećenom senzoričkom i motoričkom funkcijom, gušterači, bubrezima, očima te sluznici, uključujući i oralnu sluznicu.
Oralne manifestacije dijabetesa posljedica su promijenjenog metabolizma te promjena na krvnim žilama i živcima. Te promjene u usnoj šupljini uključuju tipičan foetor ex ore, češće infekcije (Candida albicans), povećanu ranjivost, sklonost parodontnim oboljenjima, stomatopirozu i kserostomiju.
Simptomi u usnoj šupljini javljaju se kada dijabetes nije pod kontrolom, tako da je vrlo važno bolest dovesti u kompenzirano stanje i tek tada započeti stomatološki zahvat, osim u slučajevima hitnih stanja.
Važno je znati pristupiti dijabetičkom pacijentu te uzeti pravilnu anamnezu iz koje se može saznati koliko dugo pacijent boluje od dijabetesa, uzima li lijekove i je li pod liječničkim nadzorom.
Dijabetički pacijenti mogu pasti u stanje hipo ili hiper-glikemije te je od iznimne važnosti znati prepoznati takva stanja i pružiti odgovarajuću pomoć.

Abstract (english)

Diabetes mellitus is the most common disease of the endocrine system. There are two basic types of the disease: type 1 (juvenile diabetes), caused by insulin deficiency, and type 2 (adult-onset diabetes), characterized by insulin resistance.
Secondary diabetes encompasses a series of conditions that cause symptoms of diabetes indirectly.
Hormonal imbalances result in metabolic disorders which lead to acute complications. Pathological changes in all the blood vessels, nerves with impaired sensory and motor functions, pancreas, kidneys, eyes, mucosa, and the oral mucosa included, are inevitable.
Oral manifestations of diabetes are a result of an altered metabolism and of the changes in blood vessels and nerves. Changes in the oral cavity include a typical foetor ex ore, frequent infections (Candida albicans), increased vulnerability, a tendency to periodontal diseases, stomatopyrosis and xerostomia.
The symptoms in the oral cavity appear when diabetes is not under control; therefore, it is very important to bring the disease to the compensated stage before starting the dental treatment, unless it is an emergency.
It is important to know how to approach a patient with diabetes and how to obtain their medical history properly in order to find out how long they have been suffering from diabetes, whether they are taking any medications and if they under medical control.
Patients suffering from diabetes may get into the state of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia and it is extremely important to be able to recognize such conditions and provide the patients with appropriate assistance.

• Keywords: oralne manifestacije; diabetes mellitus
• Keywords (english): oral manifestations; diabetes mellitus
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:127:345854
• Study programme: Title: dental medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica dentalne medicine (doktor/doktorica dentalne medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2015-10-28 09:26:49