| Abstract | Cilj ovoga istraživanja jest proučiti razlike u percepciji doktora i specijalista dentalne medicine,
odnosno studenata i laika s obzirom na male varijacije u estetici osmijeha i proučiti koliki je
utjecaj sadržaja društvenih mreža na percepciju osmijeha kod specijalista i doktora dentalne
medicine, studenata i laika. U prvom dijelu istraživanja sudjelovalo je 680 ispitanika, od čega
21,7 % muškaraca i 78,83 % žena, koji su pomoću Googleova obrasca, ocjenama od 1
(najmanje atraktivno) do 10 (najatraktivnije) vrednovali fotografije lica i osmijeha, digitalno
alterirane kako bi se naglasili proučavani parametri. Ispitanici su bili podijeljeni u 5 skupina:
laici, studenti dentalne medicine od prve do treće godine studija, studenti dentalne medicine od
četvrte do šeste godine studija, doktori dentalne medicine te specijalisti. Mjesec dana nakon
ispunjavanja ankete ispitanici su podijeljeni u kontrolnu i ispitnu skupinu. Ispitna skupina
pratila je profil na Instagramu- na kojem su dva puta dnevno tijekom 7 dana objavljivane
fotografije lijepoga osmijeha, dok kontrolna skupina nije bila izložena istom. Po prolasku 7
dana, obje skupine ispunile su istu anketu još jednom. Nakon analize demografskih podataka,
razlike u ocjenjivanju pojedine anomalije između skupina ispitanika testirane su KruskalWallisovim testom, a kako bi se uvidjelo između kojih sve skupina postoji razlika primijenio
se Dunnov post hoc test. Razlike između ocjena savršene slike osmijeha i svake pojedine
anomalije unutar skupina testirale su se Wilcoxonovim testom uparenih uzoraka. U drugom
dijelu istraživanja usporedba ocjena anomalija između eksperimentalne i kontrolne skupine
napravila se u početnoj točki mjerenja te točki mjerenja 30 dana nakon izloženosti dentalnom
sadržaju na društvenoj mreži uz pomoć Mann-Whitneyjeva U-testa, a razlika u odgovorima na
test između početne točke mjerenja i nakon izloženosti savršenom sadržaju na društvenim
medijima unutar pojedinih skupina testirala se Wilcoxonovim testom uparenih uzoraka. Osim
toga uz pomoć Mann-Whitneyjeva U-testa testirala se razlika u iznosu postotne promjene
između ispitne i kontrolne skupine. Percepcija različitih parametara osmijeha razlikuje se među
skupinama ispitanika, a sadržaj društvenih mreža može utjecati na percepciju osmijeha, što je
najvidljivije u percepciji incizalnih ureza i samopercepciji osmijeha. |
| Abstract (english) | Introduction: Nowadays, creating a beautiful smile is considered an art for a reason. Esthetic
criteria are based on individual perception, which differs among people of different cultures,
ages, education, and genders. An attractive smile should include symmetry of the central
incisors, minimally visible gingiva, moderate or minimal buccal corridors, a smile arch that
follows the curvature of the lower lip, and the correct shape of the gingival margin in the area
of visible teeth. Although we learn to apply these principles in our daily work during our
education, it is very difficult to apply them if they are not quantified and supported by scientific
research. Many studies have been conducted to examine the perception of smiles in dental
specialists or doctors, and laypeople. Such studies examined parameters such as displacement
of the maxillary midline, mesiodistal inclination of the incisors, displacement of the mandibular
midline in relation to the upper, smile arch, size of the buccal corridors, the form of the gingival
margin of the maxillary anterior teeth, and visibility of the gingiva when smiling. In addition to
dentofacial and dentogingival parameters, the smile evaluation should also include parameters
related to the shape and size of the teeth, such as interincisal edges, incisal step, and the presence
of diastemas or so called "black triangles". The perception of these among specialists, doctors
of dental medicine, and laypeople differ- specialists are more critical and notice minor
anomalies earlier. It is necessary to know which parameters affect the esthetics of the smile and
to see the differences in the perception of it among specialists, doctors of dental medicine,
students, and laypeople within our population in order to implement this scientific data in
clinical work. The very experience of beauty is also influenced by media visual stimuli to which
we are exposed every day. Studies involving television content have shown that watching short
commercials can change women's perception of their own appearance. Social networks have
become an indispensable part of our lives. Instagram is a social network replete with visual
stimuli, either in the form of photos or in the form of short videos, which can influence the
expectations of patients undergoing orthodontic or prosthetic treatment. Previous research
shows that the content younger population is exposed to on social networks affects their
demands regarding dental esthetics, and this is statistically more significant in the female
population. In the existing literature, there is not enough data on the extent to which such
content, placed by professional dental staff or persons who are not medically educated, affects
the perception of smiles among the population.
Aim: To examine the differences in the perception of doctors and specialists in dental medicine,
students, and laypeople with regard to small variations in the esthetics of a smile, and to
investigate the influence of social network content on the perception of a smile among
specialists and doctors of dental medicine, students, and laypeople.
Participants and method: In the first part of this study, 680 respondents participated, of which
21.7% were men and 78.83% were women. They evaluated photos of faces and smiles that were
digitally altered to emphasize different study parameters. The respondents were divided into 5
groups: laypeople, students of dental medicine from the first to the third year of study, students
of dental medicine from the fourth to the sixth year of study, doctors of dental medicine, and
specialists. One month after completing the survey, the respondents were divided into a control
group and an experimental group. The total number of respondents who agreed to participate
in the second part of the research is 360 (174 in the experimental group, 186 in the control
group). The experimental group followed an Instagram profile, on which photos of beautiful
smiles were posted twice a day, for 7 days, while the control group was not exposed. After the
broadcasting of images on Instagram, both groups completed the same survey a second time.
After the analysis of demographic data, the differences in the assessment of a particular
anomaly between the groups of subjects were tested with the Kruskal-Wallis test, and in order
to see in which groups there is a difference, Dunn's post hoc test was applied. Differences
between the ratings of the perfect smile image and each individual anomaly within the groups
were tested by the Wilcoxon paired-samples test. In the second part of the research, a
comparison of anomaly scores between the experimental and control groups was made at the
initial point of measurement and at the point of measurement 30 days after exposure to dental
content on the social network with the help of the Mann-Whitney U-test, while the difference
in test responses between the initial point of measurement and after exposure to perfect content
on social media within individual groups was tested using the Wilcoxon paired-samples test. In
addition, with the help of the Mann-Whitney U-test, the difference in the amount of percentage
change between the test and control groups was tested.
Results: The perception of maxillary midline deviation in the amount of 2 mm, mandibular
midline deviation in the amount of 3 mm, inclination of incisors, occlusal cant, reversed smile
line, asymmetry of maxillary central incisors, rounded and squared incisal embrasures, nonexistent incisal step along with self-perception differs between groups of respondents. The
experimental group rated the rounded incisal embrasures with lower esthetic scores compared
to the control group that was not exposed to images on the social network Instagram. In those
exposed to Instagram (experimental group), laypeople showed significantly greater satisfaction
with their own smile after exposure to social network content, whereas no such difference was
found in the control group.
Conclusion: The perception of different parameters of a smile differs between groups of
respondents, and the content of social media content may influence the perception of a smile,
most visibly with regard to incisal embrasures and self-perception of a smile. |
