Suvremeni bulk-fill kompozitni materijali s ultra-kratkim vremenom polimerizacije

master's thesis

• Title (english): Contemporary bulk-fill composite materials with ultra-short polymerization time
• Author: Lucija Lisica
• Mentor: Danijela Marović (mentor)
• Committee member: Danijela Marović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Višnja Negovetić Mandić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana Badovinac (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Dental Medicine; (Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-07-11, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Dental Medicine; Endodonics and Restorative Dentistry

Abstract

Smolasti kompozitni materijali jesu materijali izbora u svakodnevnom kliničkom radu
zahvaljujući konstantnom poboljšanju njihovih fizičko-mehaničkih i estetskih svojstava.
Unatoč brojnim uvjetima koje su zadovoljili, ostao je problem kompleksne i dugotrajne izrade
ispuna zbog nužnog postavljanja slojeva debljine 2 mm. To je dovelo do pojave nove vrste
kompozitnih materijala nazvanih bulk-fill, odnosno debeloslojni po načinu postavljanja.
Izmjenama u sastavu bulk-fill materijala omogućena je polimerizacija do dubine 4 mm i
postavljanje materijala u jednom sloju, čime se skratilo trajanje restaurativnog postup ka i
umanjio rizik jatrogenih pogrešaka. Daljnjom željom da se još više skrati postupak izrade
ispuna i time olakša rad terapeutu, na tržištu su se pojavili suvremeni bulk-fill kompozitni
materijali koji podržavaju ultrakratku polimerizaciju bez narušavanja svojstva samog
materijala. Visokoviskozni Tetric PowerFill i niskoviskozni Tetric PowerFlow proizvođača
Ivoclar Vivadent predstavljeni su kao materijali koji se polimeriziraju unutar 3 sekunde
uporabom lampe intenziteta 3050 mW/cm² zahvaljujući inovativnim komponentama u
njihovom sastavu. β-alil-sulfon koji se nalazi u sastavu materijala adicijski je fragmentacijski
reagens s prijenosom lanca (AFCT) koji potiče tzv. skokovitu polimerizaciju. On dovodi do
reakcije između slobodnog radikala i dvostruke veze β-alil-sulfona, čime se jedan polimerni
lanac terminira, a oslobađa se sulfonilni radikal koji može započeti novu reakciju
polimerizacije, što rezultira nastankom homogenijih kratkolančanih polimera i oligomera
potpunije polimerizacije. Visoka translucencija materijala potrebna za prodor svjetlosti na
početku polimerizacije ostvarena je bliskim indeksom loma svjetlosti organske matrice i čestica
punila, a za vrijeme polimerizacije materijal postaje opakniji te postiže prirodan izgled.
Indicirani su kod izrade ispuna u stražnjem segmentu trajne denticije, dok su kontraindicirani
u slučajevima dubokih kaviteta kad postoji mogućnost zagrijavanja zubne pulpe i posljedičnog
ireverzibilnog oštećenja.
Dosadašnja laboratorijska ispitivanja pokazuju kako su brzopolimerizirajući bulk-fillkompoziti
jednakovrijedna zamjena konvencionalnim kompozitima u izradi direktnih ispuna stražnje
regije usne šupljine.

Abstract (english)

Resin-based composite materials are the materials of choice in everyday clinical work owing
to the constant improvement of their physical-mechanical and aesthetic properties. Despite the
numerous requirements they met, the problem of complex and time-consuming filling
production remained due to the necessary installation of 2 mm thick layers. This led to the
emergence of a new type of composite material called bulk-fill, according to the placement
method. Changes in the composition of the bulk-fill material enabled polymerization to a depth
of 4 mm and placement of the material in one layer, which shortened the duration of the
restoration procedure and reduced the risk of iatrogenic errors. With the desire to further shorten
the process of making fillings and thus facilitate the work of the therapist, modern bulk-fill
composite materials have appeared on the market that support ultra-short polymerization
without compromising the material's properties. The high-viscosity Tetric PowerFill and the
low-viscosity Tetric PowerFlow from Ivoclar Vivadent are presented as materials that can be
polymerized within 3 seconds using a 3050 mW/cm² curing unit due to innovative components
in their composition. The β-allyl sulfone contained in the material is a chain-transfer
fragmentation addition reagent (AFCT) that promotes the so-called step- polymerization. It
leads to a reaction between the free radical and the double bond of β-allyl sulfone, thus
terminating one polymer chain and releasing a sulfonyl radicals which can start a new
polymerization reaction resulting in more homogeneous short-chain polymers and oligomers of
fuller polymerization. The high translucency of the material required for light penetration at the
beginning of polymerization is achieved by a close refractive index of light of the organic
matrix and filler particles. In contrast, the material takes on a more opaque appearance during
polymerization and acquires a natural appearance. They are indicated for restorations in the
posterior region of permanent dentition, whereas they are contraindicated in cases of deep
cavities when there is a possibility of heating of the dental pulp and consequent irreversible
damage.
Previous laboratory tests show that rapid polymerizing bulk-fill resin composites are an
equivalent substitute to conventional composite materials for direct fillings in the posterior
region of the oral cavity.

• Keywords: kompozitne smole; polimerizacija; materijali za punjenje korijenskog kanala
• Keywords (english): composite resins; polymerization; root canal filling materials
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:127:872532
• Study programme: Title: dental medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica dentalne medicine (doktor/doktorica dentalne medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-10-12 11:54:01