Etiologija heilitisa i najčešće utvrđeni etiološki čimbenici

master's thesis

• Title (english): Cheilitis etiology and the most common etiologic factors
• Author: Tadeja Blagec
• Mentor: Liborija Lugović Mihić (mentor)
• Committee member: Liborija Lugović Mihić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Marija Buljan (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nada Galić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Dental Medicine; (Chair of Dermatovenerology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-15, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Dental Medicine

Abstract

Heilitis označavu upalu usnica razne etiologije. Prema nedavno predloženoj klasifikaciji,
najčešću skupinu čine pretežno reverzibilni heilitisi u koje spadaju heilitis simpleks,
eksfolijativni, angularni, kontaktni/ekcematozni i heilitis uzrokovan lijekovima. Ta skupina
heilitisa ima reverzibilni karakter i obično se lako liječi ukoliko se otkrije i ukloni etiološki
čimbenik. Heilitis simpleks i eksfolijativni heilitis najčešće su uzrokovani štetnim navikama i
boravkom na hladnom zraku koji isušuje usnice. Nadalje, eksfolijativni heilitis također
uzrokuju i kronična upalna stanja u organizmu. Angularni heilitis ima najširu etiologiju koja
obuhvaća sve, od infektivnih uzročnika, oblizivanja kutova usnica, mehaničkih oštećenja,
anatomskih varijacija do nutritivnih deficita. Kontaktni/ekcematozni heilitis uzrokovan je
alergijskom reakcijom na neku tvar, a heilitis uzrokovan lijekovima nastaje zbog uzimanja
lijekova (najčešće onih koji isušuju usnice, poput retinoida). Drugu skupinu čine pretežno
ireverzibilni heilitisi koji su perzistentni i teže se liječe. Iako je etiologija glandularnog i
granulomatoznog heilitisa nepoznata, u patofiziologiji spominje se prisutnost nekih drugih
bolesti i bolesnikove navike, npr. boravak na suncu i pušenje. Aktinički heilitis uzrokovan je
kumulativnim učinkom sunčeva zračenja, a osobito se javlja u osoba starije dobi i svijetle puti.
Treću skupinu heilitisa čine oni koji se javljaju u sklopu ostalih dermatoza i sustavnih bolesti
kao što su lihen, lupus, pemfigus itd. Etiologija heilitisa kompleksna je i često preklapajuća pa
ponekad nije lako odrediti uzrok upale, a time ni odgovarajuće ni pravodobno liječiti bolesnika.
Dakle, ponekada tretiranje upalnih promjena usnica zahtijeva interdisciplinarni pristup
bolesniku. Posebnu pažnju treba usmjeriti na heilitise iz pretežno ireverzibilne skupine budući
da u njih postoji mogućnost maligne alteracije.

Abstract (english)

Cheilitis refers to lip inflammations of various etiologies. According to a recently suggested
classification, the largest group consists mostly of reversible cheilitides that include cheilitis
simplex, exfoliative cheilitis, angular cheilitis, contact/eczematous cheilitis, and drug-induced
cheilitis. That cheilitis group is of reversible character and can usually be treated easily if the
etiologic factors are discovered and removed. Cheilitis simplex and exfoliative cheilitis are
most commonly caused by bad habits and cold air which dries out the lips. Moreover,
exfoliative cheilitis is also caused by chronic inflammations. Angular cheilitis has the widest
etiology which includes infectious agents, licking the corners of the lips, mechanical damage,
anatomical variations, and nutrient deficiencies. Contact/eczematous cheilitis is caused by an
allergic reaction to a certain substance, while the drug-induced cheilitis occurs because of
medications (usually the ones that dry out the lips, such as retinoid). According to the previously
mentioned classification, the second group consists mostly of irreversible cheilitides which are
persistent and difficult to cure. Although the etiology of cheilitis glandularis and granulomatous
cheilitis is unknown, pathophysiology mentions the presence of other diseases and patients’
habits such as smoking and sun exposure. Actinic cheilitis is caused by the cumulative effects
of sunlight exposure and usually affects older and lighter-skinned people. The third group of
cheilitides is made up of those cheilitides that appear as a part of other dermatoses and systemic
diseases, such as lichen, lupus, pemphigus, etc. Because the cheilitis etiology is complex and
often overlapping, determining the cause of the inflammation and consequently the accurate
treatment can sometimes be difficult. Therefore, treating lip inflammations can occasionally
require an interdisciplinary approach. Cheilitides that belong to the irreversible group should
be given additional attention because there is a possibility of a malignant alteration.

• Keywords: heilitis; usna; bolesti; kožne bolesti
• Keywords (english): cheilitis; Lip Diseases; Skin Diseases
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:127:009413
• Study programme: Title: dental medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica dentalne medicine (doktor/doktorica dentalne medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2021-01-15 13:22:48