| Abstract | Ciroza jetre predstavlja značajan javnozdravstveni problem širom svijeta. Ona zapravo podrazumijeva postepeno oštećenje jetrenih stanica što na koncu dovodi do poremećaja njezine kompletne strukture i funkcija. Razni su etiološki uzroci koji dovode do ciroze, a najčešći od njih su alkohol, virusni hepatitis B i C, poremećaji metabolizma, autoimune bolesti jetre te dugotrajni zastoj ţuči. Jetra, kao najveća ţlijezda u organizmu, obavlja niz za ţivot vaţnih funkcija. Napredovanjem ciroze narušavaju se i jetrene funkcije što dovodi do manifestacija te sistemske bolesti na probavnom, krvotvornom, srčano-ţilnom, respiratornom, bubreţnom, endokrinom sustavu te koţi. Oralne manifestacije obuhvaćaju pojačana i spontana krvarenja, pojačanu osjetljivost na bakterijske infekcije što dovodi do parodontitisa, ţuticu sluznice, hiposalivaciju. Naţalost, ciroza jetre manifestira se raznolikom slikom atipičnih simptoma što dovodi do postavljanja dijagnoze kada je ova bolest već uvelike u uznapredovalom stadiju. U dijagnostičkom postupku, uz slikovne metode i laboratorijske pretrage, najvaţnija je biopsija jetre kojom se tipičnom histološkom slikom uspostavlja konačna dijagnoza. Do danas ciroza jetre smatra se ireverzbilnom bolešću te nije moguće njeno izlječenje te zlatni standard u terminalnom stadiju ostaje transplantacija jetre. |
| Abstract (english) | Liver cirrhosis is a significant public health problem worldwide. It actually involves gradual damage to liver cells which ultimately leads to disruption of its complete structure and functions. There are various etiological causes that lead to cirrhosis, the most common of which are alcohol, viral hepatitis B and C, metabolic disorders, autoimmune liver disease, and long-term bile stasis. The liver, as the largest gland in the body, performs a number of vital functions. With the progression of cirrhosis, liver functions are disrupted, which leads to the manifestations of this systemic disease on the digestive, hematopoietic, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and endocrine systems, as well as skin. Oral manifestations include increased and spontaneous bleeding, increased sensitivity to bacterial infections leading to periodontitis, jaundice, and hyposalivation. Unfortunately, cirrhosis of the liver is manifested by a diverse picture of atypical symptoms which lead to a diagnosis when this disease is already greatly advanced. In the diagnostic procedure, in addition to radiological and laboratory tests, the most important is a liver biopsy, which establishes the final diagnosis with a typical histological picture. To date, liver cirrhosis is considered an irreversible disease and it is not possible to cure it, and the gold standard in the final stage remains liver transplantation. |
