Stečeni poremećaji hemostaze u oralnoj kirurgiji

master's thesis

• Title (english): Acquired Hemostasis Disorders in Oral Surgery
• Author: Lina Nižetić
• Mentor: Ivan Zajc (mentor)
• Committee member: Ivan Zajc (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Domagoj Vražić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nada Galić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Dental Medicine; (Department of Oral Surgery); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-09-20, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Dental Medicine; Oral Surgery

Abstract

Hemostaza je složeni prirodni proces međusobno povezanih reakcija koje sudjeluju u zaustavljanju krvarenja. Svojim mehanizmom održava krv u tekućem stanju te sprječava prekomjeran gubitak krvi. Hemostazu čine 4 faze, a to su: faza krvnih žila, faza stvaranja trombocitnog čepa, faza zgrušavanja te faza fibrinolize. Kada je uravnoteženi proces hemostaze ugrožen, pojavljuje se sklonost prekomjernom krvarenju ili zgrušavanju krvi. Stečeni poremećaji hemostaze mogu zahvatiti bilo koju od 4 faze hemostaze, a njihove se kliničke slike razlikuju. Nastanku poremećaja pridonose metaboličke i upalne bolesti koje dovode do oštećenja stijenke krvnih žila. Nadalje, oštećenje koštane srži dovodi do neadekvatnog stvaranja trombocita, a povećana funkcija slezene do pojačanog razaranja i zadržavanja trombocita. Na fazu zgrušavanja utječu bolesti jetre, koja je važna u sintezi čimbenika zgrušavanja, te mnogobrojni lijekovi koji djeluju na proces zgrušavanja. Razna stanja mogu dovesti do komplikacija zbog ubrzane razgradnje ugruška te uzrokovati krvarenje, odnosno tromboemboliju pri izostanku fibrinolize.

Abstract (english)

Hemostasis is a complex natural process of interrelated reactions which cause bleeding to stop. Its mechanism preserves blood liquidity and prevents excessive blood loss. Hemostasis consists of four steps: vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, blood coagulation and clot dissolution (lysis). When the balance of hemostasis process is disturbed, excessive bleeding or blood clotting may occur. Acquired hemostasis disorders can affect any of these four steps and can develop various clinical features. Different metabolic and inflammatory diseases may affect the vascular spasm. Furthermore, bone marrow damage disables platelets formation, while splenic hyperfunction leads to platelet destruction and preservation. Since coagulation factors synthesis occurs in the liver, various liver diseases, as well as medications which control the coagulation process, affect the coagulation process. Premature clot degradation can cause excessive bleeding, while the absence of clot degradation leads to thromboembolism.

• Keywords: hemostaza; krvarenje; koagulum
• Keywords (english): hemostasis; bleeding; thromboembolism
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:127:464269
• Study programme: Title: dental medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica dentalne medicine (doktor/doktorica dentalne medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2019-01-08 10:46:10