| Abstract | Kontaktni sportovi su sportovi u kojima postoji više ili manje direktnog fizičkog kontakta između sportaša kao na primjer u košarci, nogometu, rukometu ili nekim borilačkim sportovima. U takvim sportovima vrlo često dolazi do različitih ozljeda pa tako i do ozljeda koje zahvaćaju čeljust. Traume mogu zahvaćati meka tkiva koje mogu biti manje i veće te se mogu nalaziti na koži ili u usnoj šupljini poput laceracija, kontuzija ili hematoma. Dentalne traume se odnose na traume tvrdog zubnog tkiva, poput komplicirane i nekomplicirane frakture krune ili krune i korijena te traume parodontnog tkiva u koje spadaju luksacijske ozljede, intruzija, ekstruzija te avulzija zuba. Kod ovakvih trauma potrebna je brza reakcija i znanje doktora dentalne medicine kako bi ishod liječenja bio uspješan. Što znači da je cilj očuvati zub u zubnom luku i pokušati očuvati njegov vitalitet pogotovo ako se radi o zubu s nezavršenim rastom i razvojem korijena. Osim trauma mekih tkiva i dentalnih trauma postoje i traume donje čeljusti i srednjeg lica koje nastaju direktnim ili indirektnim udarcem u određenu regiju što posljedično dovodi do direktnog ili indirektnog prijeloma koji se mogu razlikovati po broju prijeloma, lokalizaciji, odnosu prijeloma i mekog tkiva, obliku i smjeru frakturne pukotine. Prijelomi se najčešće liječe kirurškim putem i osteosintezom. Vrlo bitnu ulogu u sprječavanju ovakvih ozljeda ima prevencija. Pod preventivne mjere spadaju različite sportske udlage koje mogu biti ekstraoralne, intraoralne i kombinirane. Sportaši bi trebali biti svjesni važnosti nošenja sportskih udlaga tokom treninga i natjecanja. |
| Abstract (english) | Contact sports are sports where there is more or less direct physical contact between athletes, such as basketball, soccer, handball, or certain martial arts. In such sports, various injuries often occur, including jaw injuries. Traumas can affect soft tissues, which can be minor or major and may be located on the skin or in the oral cavity, such as lacerations, contusions, or hematomas. Dental traumas refer to injuries of the hard dental tissue, such as complicated and uncomplicated crown fractures, or crown and root fractures, as well as periodontal tissue traumas, which include luxation injuries, intrusion, extrusion, and avulsion of teeth. In such traumas, a prompt response and the expertise of a dentist are essential for successful treatment outcomes. This means that the aim is to keep the tooth in the dental arch and attempt to sustain its vitality, particularly if it is a tooth with incomplete growth and root development. In addition to soft tissue and dental injuries, there are also mandibular and midface injuries caused by direct or indirect impacts to a specific area. These impacts can result in fractures, which can vary in terms of the number, location, relationship with soft tissue, shape, and direction of the fracture line. Fractures are most commonly treated surgically and with osteosynthesis. Prevention plays a very important role in preventing such injuries. Preventive measures include different types of sports mouth guards, such as extraoral, intraoral, and combined. Athletes should be aware of the importance of wearing sports mouth guards during training. |
