Utjecaj hormonske oralne kontracepcije na gingivu

master's thesis

• Title (english): The impact of hormonal oral contraceptives on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity
• Author: Karmela Milinković
• Mentor: Krunoslav Kuna (mentor)
• Committee member: Krunoslav Kuna (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vesnica Košec (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Liborija Lugović Mihić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Dental Medicine; (Chair of Gynaecology and Obstetrics); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-09-19, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Dental Medicine

Abstract

Kontracepcija u današnje vrijeme obuhvaća sve metode koje imaju za cilj izbjeći
neželjenu trudnoću, a dijelimo ih na nefarmakološke (periodična apstinencija,
metode barijere, sterilizacija) i farmakološke metode (spermicidi, hormonalna
kontracepcija itd.). Hormonska se kontracepcija može primijeniti oralno,
transdermalno, transvaginalno, u obliku intramuskularnih injekcija ili potkožnih
implantata. Glavni mehanizam djelovanja je sinergističko, centralno i inhibitorno
djelovanje estrogena i progesterona na hipotalamus i hipofizu. Posljedica toga je
izostanak ovulacije te druge promjene unutar ženskog spolnog sustava.
Kontracepcijske su tablete najčešće kombinirane, odnosno, njezini su sastojci
različite vrste i doze estrogenih i gestagenih hormona, pri čemu su današnji moderni
kontracepcijski pripravci niskodozirani. Osim kombiniranih postoje i kontracepcijske
tablete koje sadrže samo gestagene hormone, s primjenom u osoba kod kojih je
primjena estrogena kontraindicirana. Većina preparata koji danas postoje na tržištu
spada u jednofaznu oralnu hormonsku kontracepciju, te sadrže jednake količine
estrogena i gestagena u tabletama. Kontraceptivi su apsolutno kontraindicirani kod
postojanja kardiovaskularih bolesti, sistemskih bolesti,oštećenja jetre i hormonski
ovisnim tumorima, a relativno kod životne dobi više od 35 godina uz pušenje ili
kakav drugi rizični faktor. Nuspojave su rijetke, najčešće su to blage nuspojave, a od
težih nuspojava najčešće se spominje povećana sklonost tromboembolijama. Unutar
usne šupljine izrazito su rijetke nuspojave, a eventualno se mogu manifestirati kao
hipertrofični gingivitis ili kao pigmentacije na sluznici.

Abstract (english)

Contraception nowadays includes all the methods of avoiding unwanted pregnancy,
which are divided into the non-pharmacological (periodic abstinence, barrier
methods, sterilization) and pharmacological (spermicides, hormonal contraception,
etc.). Hormonal contraception can be administered orally, transdermally,
transvaginally, in the form of intramuscular injection or subcutaneous implant. The
main action mechanism is the synergistic, central and inhibitory impact of estrogen
and progesterone on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, the consequences of
which are the absence of ovulation and other changes in the female reproductive
system. Contraceptive pills are usually combined, i.e. their components consist of
different types and doses of estrogen and gestagen hormones, with the modern low
dose contraceptive preparation.
There are also the combined oral contraceptives, containing only progestogen
hormones, for the cases when estrogen is contraindicated. The products available
today are single-phase oral hormonal contraceptives containing equal amounts of
estrogen and gestagen hormones in tablets. They are absolutely contraindicated with
cardiovascular or systemic diseases, liver impairments and hormone-dependent
tumors, and relatively contraindicated over 35 years of age with smoking or some
other risk factor. The side effects are rare and mostly mild; as to the severe ones, the most common
one is the increased tendency to thromboembolism. There are extremely rare side
effects within the mouth cavity that can possibly manifest as hypertrophic gingivitis
or pigmentation of the mucous membranes.

• Keywords: hormonalna oralna kontracepcija; gingiva; oralne manifestacije
• Keywords (english): hormonal oral contraceptives; gingive; oral manifestations
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:127:120977
• Study programme: Title: dental medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica dentalne medicine (doktor/doktorica dentalne medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2016-11-11 10:59:24