Protozoe u usnoj šupljini kod pacijenata koji boluju od parodontitisa

master's thesis

• Author: Dominik Štajdohar
• Mentor: Oktavija Đaković Rode (mentor)
• Committee member: Oktavija Đaković Rode (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tomislava Skuhala (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Iva Butić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; School of Dental Medicine; (Chair of Microbiology with Parasitology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-06-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE; Dental Medicine

Abstract

Naseljavanje usne šupljine mikroorganizmima počinje još u dojenačkoj dobi. Osim brojnih bakterija i gljiva koje nastanjuju usnu šupljinu, ondje svoje mjesto imaju i protozoe. Entamoeba gingivalis i Trichomonas tenax eukariotski su mikroorganizmi koji naseljavaju razna mjesta u usnoj šupljini uključujući parodontni prostor. Radi se o jednostaničnim vrstama sličnim drugim protozoama svoje skupine, od morfologije do životnog ciklusa. Iako se epidemiološki podaci razlikuju, prevalencija E. gingivalis veća je u odnosu na T. tenax, a brojnost u usnoj šupljini ovisi o upalnom stanju parodonta. Poveznica infekcije protozoama s parodontitisom još je nedovoljno istražena, no prema podacima provedenih istraživanja postoji uloga u patofiziologiji upale potpornih tkiva zuba. Mogućnost oštećenja stanica oralnih tkiva ostvaruje se sinergijom različitih faktora virulencije. Otkrivene sposobnosti adhezije, ingestije humanih stanica, invazije u gingivni epitel i poticanja ekspresije proupalnih citokina objašnjavanju povezanost s upalnim stanjem parodonta. Današnja dijagnostika protozoa uključuje kultiviranje u različitim hranjivim medijima i mikroskopiju te molekularne i imunološke metode koje imaju veću osjetljivost. Osim s parodontitisom, moguća je i povezanost oralnih protozoa i drugih bolesti kao što su periimplantitis, karijes i pulmonalna trihomonijaza. Terapija ovih infekcija provodi se s terapijom parodontitisa. Ona uključuje visoku razinu oralne higijene mehaničkim uklanjanjem naslaga i korištenjem dodatnih sredstava s aktivnim djelovanjem, nekiruršku parodontološku terapiju i, po potrebi, antimikrobno liječenje.

Abstract (english)

Colonization of the oral cavity with microorganisms begins in infancy. Besides numerous bacteria and fungi that inhabit the oral cavity, protozoa can also be found there. Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax are eukaryotic microorganisms that inhabit various places in the oral cavity, including the periodontal space. These unicellular organisms are similar to other protozoa based on various factors including morphology and life cycle. Although the epidemiological data differs, the prevalence of E.gingivalis is higher compared to T.tenax, and the abundance in the oral cavity depends on the inflammatory state of periodontium. The correlation between protozoan infection and periodontitis according to the data, of thus far insufficiently conducted research, suggest there is a role in the pathophysiology of inflammation of the teeth supporting tissues. The possibility of damaging the cells of oral tissues is realized by the synergy of different virulence factors. Discovered abilities of adhesion, ingestion of human cells, invasion into gingival epithelium and stimulation that leads to activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines explain the connection with the inflammatory state of periodontium. Nowadays, diagnostics of protozoa includes culturing in different media and microscopy, and molecular and immunological methods that have higher sensitivity. In addition to periodontitis, oral protozoa can be linked to other diseases such as peri-implantitis, caries and pulmonary trichomoniasis. The therapy of these infections is carried out together with the therapy of periodontitis. It includes meticulous oral hygiene which mechanically removes deposits, usage of additional agents with active ingredients, non-surgical periodontal therapy and, potentially, antimicrobial treatment.

• Keywords: Entamoeba gingivalis; Trichomonas tenax; parodontitis
• Keywords (english): Entamoeba gingivalis; Trichomonas tenax; periodontitis
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:127:800436
• Study programme: Title: dental medicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate; Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica dentalne medicine (doktor/doktorica dentalne medicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2023-06-03 11:52:12