| Abstract | Autoimune bolesti nastaju zbog neprimjerene reakcije organizma na vlastita tkiva, odnosno zbog grješke u imunološkom sustavu. Imunološki se sustav dijeli na urođenu i steĉenu imunost. Kod ovih bolesti grješka nastaje u steĉenoj imunosti (dijeli se na sustav stanica T i sustav stanica B). Neke od autoimunih bolesti su: phemfigus, Hashimotov tireoiditis, SLE, erythema multiforme, RA, Mb. Chron, Sy. Sjögren, myasthenia gravis, diabetes tipa I, itd. Ove bolesti mogu biti organospecifiĉne ili sustavne. Zbog narušenog imunološkog sustava obrambene reakcije u tijelu su oslabljene te se mogu javiti razne infekcije. U ženskom spolnom sustavu može doći do infekcije HSV virusom, candidom, trichomonasom, virusom HPV-a koji posljediĉno moţž uzrokovati displaziju cerviksa maternice. U trudnoći se mogu razviti SLE, RA, myasthenia gravis i ITP. U lijeĉenju autoimunih bolesti koristi se simptomatska (steroidna protuupalna) i imunosupresivna terapija. Lijeĉenje je dugotrajno, ĉesto i cjeloživotno. Od kortikosteroidnih lijekova najviše se koriste glukokortikoidi (prednizon i prednizolon). U trudnoći se koriste za lijeĉenje osnovne bolesti pacijentice, prilikom ĉijeg je uzimanja potreban stalni nadzor i kontrola zbog mogućih nuspojava kortikosteroidne terapije. U stomatologiji se koriste za lokalno lijeĉenje nekih bolesti. Uzrokuju brojne nuspojave u organizmu i u usnoj šupljini od kojih je najznaĉajnija orofaringealna kandidijaza. |
| Abstract (english) | Autoimmune diseases occur due to an inappropriate organism response to its own tissue, i.e. due to a malfunction in the immune system. The immune system is divided into innate and acquired immunity. When these diseases occur, the malfunction takes place in the acquired immunity (which is divided into T cell system and B cell system). Some of the autoimmune diseases include: pemphigus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, SLE, erythema multiforme, RA, Crohn's disease, Sjögren's syndrome, myasthenia gravis, type I diabetes, etc. These diseases can be organ-specific or systematic. Due to a compromised immune system, the body defence mechanisms are weakened, which may give way to a variety of infections. In the female reproductive system, there is a possibility of an infection caused by HSV virus, Candida, trichomonas, or the HPV virus, which may consequently cause cervical dysplasia. During pregnancy, there is a risk of the SLE, RA, myasthenia gravis and ITP. The symptomatic (steroidal, anti-inflammatory) and immunosuppressive treatments are used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The treatment is long-term, often lifelong. As for corticosteroid medicine, the glucocorticoids (prednisone and prednisolone) are mostly used. In pregnancy, they are used to treat the basic disease of the patient, during the administration of which constant supervision and control are required because of the possible side effects of corticosteroid therapy. In oral medicine, they are used for local treatment of some diseases. They may cause many side effects in the whole organism, but also in the oral cavity, the oropharyngeal candidiasis being the most significant of them. |
